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Autor	Arkadiusz Gralak
Tytuł	Wdrażanie modelu gospodarczego opartego na obiegu zamkniętym w biogospodarce
Title	Implementing a Closed-Loop Economic Model in the Bioeconomy
Słowa kluczowe	biogospodarka, gospodarka w obiegu zamkniętym, biogospodarka cyrkularna, cyrkularne modele biznesowe
Key words	bioeconomy, circular economy, circular bioeconomy, circular business models
Abstrakt	Wdrażanie rozwiązań z zakresu biogospodarki cyrkularnej jest zagadnieniem złożonym. Wymaga to dobrej znajomości koncepcji, różnych procesów gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym i ich oczekiwanych skutków dla sektorów oraz łańcuchów wartości. Jednak badania nad gospodarką o obiegu zamkniętym wydają się być fragmentaryczne w różnych dyscyplinach i często istnieją różne perspektywy interpretacji tego pojęcia i powiązanych aspektów, które należy ocenić. Niniejszy artykuł zawiera przegląd literatury na temat biogospodarki i gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym w celu lepszego zrozumienia tej koncepcji, a także jej różnych wymiarów i oczekiwanych skutków. Celem artykułu jest zarysowanie koncepcji biogospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym wraz z przedstawieniem głównych uwarunkowań jej wdrażania. Przedstawiono wybrane inicjatywy polityczne na rzecz wdrażania koncepcji gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym w sektorze biogospodarki oraz modele biznesowe dedykowane dla rozwiązań biogospodarczych.
Abstract	Implementing circular bioeconomy solutions is a complex issue. It requires a good knowledge of the concepts, the different processes of the circular economy and their expected impacts on sectors and value chains. However, research on the circular economy appears to be fragmented across disciplines and there are often different perspectives on the interpretation of the concept and related aspects to be assessed. This article reviews the literature on bioeconomy and closed-loop economy to better understand the concept, as well as its different dimensions and expected impacts. The aim of the article is to outline the concept of a circular bioeconomy along with a presentation of the main considerations for its implementation. Selected policy initiatives for the implementation of the closed-loop bioeconomy concept in the bioeconomy sector and business models dedicated to bioeconomy solutions are presented.
Cytowanie	Gralak A. (2021) Wdrażanie modelu gospodarczego opartego na obiegu zamkniętym w biogospodarce.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 21(36), z. 3: 24-40
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2021_T21(36)_n3_s24.pdf

Autor	Jerzy Bieńkowski, Małgorzata Holka
Tytuł	Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland
Title	Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland
Słowa kluczowe	environment, life cycle analysis, impact category indicator, compound feed, feed mill, Poland
Key words	environment, life cycle analysis, impact category indicator, compound feed, feed mill, Poland
Abstrakt	In recent years, the importance of environmental threats associated with intensive livestock production has been emphasized. Compound feeds make up a part of the animal production chain. A complete assessment of the animal production system with regard to environmental criteria is therefore impossible without considering the environmental consequences of feed production. The goal of this research is to fill the gap in an environmental assessment of production processes of compound feeds in Poland. The study presents an assessment of production impacts of bovine compound feeds according to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. The data for analysis were based on the set of information obtained from the feed milling plant located in a commercial agricultural enterprise in the Wielkopolska region in the years 2015-2016. An inventory table of inputs was prepared in relation to the functional unit of 1 ton of compound feeds and two phases of production processes, i.e. upstream and core. For average compound feed, the impact category indicators for the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone formation, consumption of mineral resources, fossil fuel resources and the emission of the respirable particles were respectively: 605.9 kg CO2 eq, 8.73 kg SO2 eq, 3.32 kg PO4 eq, 0.73 kg ethylene eq, 3.4x10-3 kg antimony eq, 5141.1 MJ and 2.25 kg PM2.5 eq. The upstream phase had the greatest effect on investigated impacts, while the core processes phase had a relatively low impact on environmental threats. It is recommended to broaden the scope of the research for a larger group of feed milling plants with more complex manufacturing processes, with a more branched supply structure and a wide range of compound feeds for different animal types. The obtained data can be a valuable source base in prospective analyses of the life cycle of various animal products in Poland.
Abstract	In recent years, the importance of environmental threats associated with intensive livestock production has been emphasized. Compound feeds make up a part of the animal production chain. A complete assessment of the animal production system with regard to environmental criteria is therefore impossible without considering the environmental consequences of feed production. The goal of this research is to fill the gap in an environmental assessment of production processes of compound feeds in Poland. The study presents an assessment of production impacts of bovine compound feeds according to Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) methodology. The data for analysis were based on the set of information obtained from the feed milling plant located in a commercial agricultural enterprise in the Wielkopolska region in the years 2015-2016. An inventory table of inputs was prepared in relation to the functional unit of 1 ton of compound feeds and two phases of production processes, i.e. upstream and core. For average compound feed, the impact category indicators for the global warming potential, acidification, eutrophication, photochemical ozone formation, consumption of mineral resources, fossil fuel resources and the emission of the respirable particles were respectively: 605.9 kg CO2 eq, 8.73 kg SO2 eq, 3.32 kg PO4 eq, 0.73 kg ethylene eq, 3.4x10-3 kg antimony eq, 5141.1 MJ and 2.25 kg PM2.5 eq. The upstream phase had the greatest effect on investigated impacts, while the core processes phase had a relatively low impact on environmental threats. It is recommended to broaden the scope of the research for a larger group of feed milling plants with more complex manufacturing processes, with a more branched supply structure and a wide range of compound feeds for different animal types. The obtained data can be a valuable source base in prospective analyses of the life cycle of various animal products in Poland.
Cytowanie	Bieńkowski J., Holka M. (2019) Environmental Assessment of the Life Cycle of Bovine Compound Feeds from a Feed Milling Plant in a Large Commercial Farm in Wielkopolska Region, Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 22-36
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s22.pdf

Autor	Piotr Dubicki, Piotr Kułyk
Tytuł	Uwarunkowania zachowań konsumentów na rynku żywności ekologicznej
Title	Determinants of Consumer Behavior on the Organic Food Market
Słowa kluczowe	świadomość ekologiczna, żywność ekologiczna, zachowania konsumentów
Key words	the ecological awareness, organic food, consumer behaviour
Abstrakt	Poznanie zmieniających się potrzeb konsumentów jest ważnym elementem budowania przewagi konkurencyjnej przedsiębiorstwa. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zachowań konsumentów na lokalnym rynku produktów ekologicznych. W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z rynkiem żywności ekologicznej. Zdefiniowano i scharakteryzowano pojęcie produktu ekologicznego, omówiono kontrolę i certyfikację produkcji ekologicznej oraz czynniki wpływające na jakość żywności i popyt na produkty ekologiczne. Przeprowadzono badanie ankietowe na rynku lokalnym mające na celu scharakteryzowanie uwarunkowań zachowań konsumentów na rynku żywności ekologicznej. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań ankietowych i analizy danych statystycznych można zauważyć, że współczesny konsument jest świadomy tego co kupuje. Jakość i skład produktu to najważniejsze czynniki, które wpływają na podejmowane przez nich decyzję. Konsumenci coraz częściej rezygnują z konsumpcji żywności tradycyjnej na korzyść produktów ekologicznych.
Abstract	Understanding the changing needs of consumers is an important element of building a competitive advantage of the company. The aim of the article is to present consumer behavior on the local market of organic products. The article presents issues related to the organic food market. The concept of organic product was defined and characterized, control and certification of organic production as well as factors affecting food quality and demand for organic products were discussed. In addition, a survey was conducted on the local market to show the determinants of consumer behaviour on the organic food market. Based on the surveys carried out and the analysis of statistical data, it can be seen that the modern consumer is aware of what he is buying. The quality and composition of the product are the most important factors that influence the decision they make. Consumers are increasingly giving up the consumption of traditional food in favor of organic products.
Cytowanie	Dubicki P., Kułyk P. (2019) Uwarunkowania zachowań konsumentów na rynku żywności ekologicznej.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 1: 79-87
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n1_s79.pdf

Autor	Wojciech Florkowski, Anna Klepacka
Tytuł	The Wood Pellet Sector: Barriers to Growth and Opinions of Manufacturers in Poland
Title	The Wood Pellet Sector: Barriers to Growth and Opinions of Manufacturers in Poland
Słowa kluczowe	renewable energy, wood pellet stoves, raw material, imports, quality, rural household
Key words	renewable energy, wood pellet stoves, raw material, imports, quality, rural household
Abstrakt	Biomass is a major source of renewable energy in the EU and Poland, stimulating the growth of the wood pellet sector. Wood pellet demand is stimulated by a complex interaction of market forces and policies including EU climate, energy, and environmental regulations, Poland’s program to improve air quality, and subsidies for the replacement of inefficient stoves used by households. This article focuses on the growth of the wood pellet industry, imports and exports in Poland, and wood pellet quality and use by households. The main issues faced by the EU wood pellet sector between 2013 and 2016 are further considered in the context of opinions of Polish wood pellet manufacturers. Industry opinions were collected in response to an open-ended question that probed for the main issues faced by wood pellet producers during the survey implemented by the authors in 2019. Respondents identified difficulties in obtaining raw material for pellet production and poor pellet quality as major problems. Although the majority did not feel concerned about competition from imported wood pellets, a small number of respondents viewed such competition as a problem reflecting the reversal of decreasing imports in 2017. Overall, the domestic wood pellet industry can be expected to grow because of increasing pressure to expand the use of renewable energy and will be driven by the household sector switching to more efficient, wood burning stoves. Additionally, the expanding area of private Polish forests may become a source of much-needed raw material for wood pellet manufacturing.
Abstract	Biomass is a major source of renewable energy in the EU and Poland, stimulating the growth of the wood pellet sector. Wood pellet demand is stimulated by a complex interaction of market forces and policies including EU climate, energy, and environmental regulations, Poland’s program to improve air quality, and subsidies for the replacement of inefficient stoves used by households. This article focuses on the growth of the wood pellet industry, imports and exports in Poland, and wood pellet quality and use by households. The main issues faced by the EU wood pellet sector between 2013 and 2016 are further considered in the context of opinions of Polish wood pellet manufacturers. Industry opinions were collected in response to an open-ended question that probed for the main issues faced by wood pellet producers during the survey implemented by the authors in 2019. Respondents identified difficulties in obtaining raw material for pellet production and poor pellet quality as major problems. Although the majority did not feel concerned about competition from imported wood pellets, a small number of respondents viewed such competition as a problem reflecting the reversal of decreasing imports in 2017. Overall, the domestic wood pellet industry can be expected to grow because of increasing pressure to expand the use of renewable energy and will be driven by the household sector switching to more efficient, wood burning stoves. Additionally, the expanding area of private Polish forests may become a source of much-needed raw material for wood pellet manufacturing.
Cytowanie	Florkowski W., Klepacka A. (2019) The Wood Pellet Sector: Barriers to Growth and Opinions of Manufacturers in Poland.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 9-18
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s9.pdf

Autor	Mieczysław Babalski, Aleksander Ciępka, Denise Dostatny, Wiesław Podyma
Tytuł	Obecne użytkowanie dawnych gatunków pszenic
Title	Current Use of Ancient Wheats
Słowa kluczowe	samopsza, płaskurka, uprawa
Key words	einkorn, emmer, cultivation
Abstrakt	Spośród uprawianych przez człowieka roślin, ze względów ekonomicznych i rolniczych zboża są najważniejszą grupą roślin uprawnych. Zboża, a zwłaszcza wyrabiany z nich chleb, są głównym i podstawowym produktem spożywczym na świecie. Pradawne gatunki oplewionych pszenic samopszy (Triticum monococcum) i płaskurki (Triticum dicoccum), od momentu ich udomowienia, stanowiły przez tysiąclecia podstawę diety człowieka. Było tak do momentu upowszechnienia się pszenicy zwyczajnej. W niektórych regionach świata są uprawiane do dzisiaj, a ze względu na rosnącą popularność zdrowej żywności rośnie ponowne zainteresowanie tymi dawnymi zbożami. Wiąże się to z dostosowaniem technik ich uprawy do warunków współczesnego rolnictwa konwencjonalnego i ekologicznego. W niniejszym artykule zostały omówione wyniki badań nad agrotechniką ekologicznej uprawy dawnych gatunków pszenic: samopszy i płaskurki. Pszenice oplewione są odporne na różne czynniki stresu biotycznego i abiotycznego i mogą być uprawiane w słabych warunkach glebowych, co zapewnia rolnikowi przewagę nad innymi uprawami. Daje to również producentom możliwość zagospodarowania niewykorzystanych nisz na rynku.
Abstract	Within plants grown by human being, in economical and agronomical point of view, cereals are the most important group of crops. Cereals, especially bread made of them, are major staple food in the world. For thousands years, from the moment of their domestication, ancient species of hulled wheats, like einkorn (Triticum monococcum) and emmer (Triticum dicoccum), were basic part of people diet. It was so until modern wheats (Triticum aestivum) became popular. In some world regions ancient wheats are cultivated nowadays. Adapting their farming techniques to modern agriculture and organic farming is related with increasing popularity of healthy eating. Results of organic farming techniques and cultivation research of einkorn and emmer are being presented in this article. Hulled wheats are tolerant to various biotic as well as abiotic stress conditions and can be grown in poor soil condition providing the farmer an advantage to take the crop. This also opens opportunities for manufacturers to seek the untapped market.
Cytowanie	Babalski M., Ciępka A., Dostatny D., Podyma W. (2019) Obecne użytkowanie dawnych gatunków pszenic.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 19(34), z. 4: 31-46
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2019_T19(34)_n4_s31.pdf

Autor	Krzysztof Pawłowski
Tytuł	Rola środków pochodzących z Unii Europejskiej w rozwoju pszczelarstwa na przykładzie Wojewódzkiego Związku Pszczelarzy w Poznaniu
Title	The role of funds from the European Union in the development of beekeeping on the example of the Provincial Union of Beekeepers in Poznań
Słowa kluczowe	pszczelarstwo, Wielkopolska, fundusze unijne, wsparcie pszczelarstwa
Key words	beekeeping, Wielkopolska, EU funds, support for beekeeping
Abstrakt	Poza dostarczaniem niezwykle cennych produktów, pszczoły są jednym z gatunków zdolnych do zapylania roślin entomofilnych. Stąd wspieranie rozwoju pszczelarstwa w obliczu ich znaczenia dla ludzkości wydaje się być niezwykle istotne. W Polsce zadanie to jest realizowane także przy użyciu środków pochodzących z Unii Europejskiej w ramach Programów Wsparcia Rynku Produktów Pszczelich. Celem artykułu jest zatem określenie roli środków pochodzących z Unii Europejskiej w rozwoju pszczelarstwa w województwie wielkopolskim na przykładzie Wojewódzkiego Związku Pszczelarzy w Poznaniu. Do badań wykorzystano niepublikowane dane WZP w Poznaniu, a także wyniki przeprowadzonej ankiety. Wyniki badań wskazują na pozytywne oddziaływanie środków z UE na rozwój pszczelarstwa w województwie wielkopolskim, zwłaszcza ze względu na spore zainteresowanie mechanizmem wśród pszczelarzy.
Abstract	In addition to providing extremely valuable products, bees are one of the species capable of pollinating entomophilic plants. Hence, supporting the development of beekeeping in the face of their importance to humanity seems to be extremely important. In Poland, this task is also carried out using funds from the European Union as part of the Bee Market Program Support Programs. The aim of the article is therefore to determine the role of funds originating from the European Union in the development of beekeeping in the Wielkopolskie voivodship on the example of the Provincial Union of Beekeepers in Poznań. First of all unpublished JPA data in Poznań, as well as the results of surveys were used for the research. The results of the research indicate a positive impact of EU funds on the development of beekeeping in the Wielkopolskie voivodship, especially due to the considerable interest in the mechanism among beekeepers.
Cytowanie	Pawłowski K. (2018) Rola środków pochodzących z Unii Europejskiej w rozwoju pszczelarstwa na przykładzie Wojewódzkiego Związku Pszczelarzy w Poznaniu.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 4: 382-394
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n4_s382.pdf

Autor	Jerzy Bieńkowski, Radosław Dąbrowicz, Małgorzata Holka, Janusz Jankowiak
Tytuł	Carbon Footprint of Beef Cattle in a Conventional Production System: a Case Study of a Large-Area Farming Enterprise in the Wielkopolska Region
Title	Carbon Footprint of Beef Cattle in a Conventional Production System: a Case Study of a Large-Area Farming Enterprise in the Wielkopolska Region
Słowa kluczowe	carbon footprint, beef production, emission of greenhouse gases, life cycle assessment, agriculture
Key words	carbon footprint, beef production, emission of greenhouse gases, life cycle assessment, agriculture
Abstrakt	Animal production is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One of the major challenges in sustainable management is to mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing GHG emissions. The diversity of animal production systems and accompanying diversification of technological processes, mean that specific production effects can be obtained at different levels of GHG emissions. The aim of the study was to determine the carbon footprint (CF) of beef cattle grown in a conventional system (i.e. indoor confinement). The research was carried out on the beef cattle farm belonging to a large-area enterprise, Długie Stare Ltd. The beef cattle production system consisted of the following subsystems: a basic breeding herd (consisting of suckler cows, replacement heifers and calves up to 6.5 months), breeding heifers, breeding bulls and fattening bulls. The method of life cycle analysis (LCA) in the stages from "cradle-to-farmgate" was used to assess the GHG emissions associated with the production of beef cattle. The average CF in the entire beef cattle production system was 25.43 kg of CO2 kg-1 of live weight of marketed cattle, while in the individual subsystems of basic breeding herd, breeding heifers, breeding bulls and fattening bulls, the CF (after GHG allocation) was: 11.0 kg CO2 eq., 34.30 kg CO2 eq., 27.32 and 25.40 kg CO2 eq., respectively. GHG emissions associated with young calves staying in the cow-calf pairs until weaning (in the period from 0-6.5 months), had a decisive influence on the final CF in each of the subsystems of beef cattle production. The second important factor directly affecting the CF was GHG emissions related to methane (CH4) enteric fermentation and manure management. Knowledge of factors affecting the CF structure allows better identification of critical areas in production processes with high GHG emission potential. Information on the CF of beef cattle and beef meat responds to a wider societal demand for the ecological characteristics of market products, which ultimately contributes to improving their market competitiveness.
Abstract	Animal production is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One of the major challenges in sustainable management is to mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing GHG emissions. The diversity of animal production systems and accompanying diversification of technological processes, mean that specific production effects can be obtained at different levels of GHG emissions. The aim of the study was to determine the carbon footprint (CF) of beef cattle grown in a conventional system (i.e. indoor confinement). The research was carried out on the beef cattle farm belonging to a large-area enterprise, Długie Stare Ltd. The beef cattle production system consisted of the following subsystems: a basic breeding herd (consisting of suckler cows, replacement heifers and calves up to 6.5 months), breeding heifers, breeding bulls and fattening bulls. The method of life cycle analysis (LCA) in the stages from "cradle-to-farmgate" was used to assess the GHG emissions associated with the production of beef cattle. The average CF in the entire beef cattle production system was 25.43 kg of CO2 kg-1 of live weight of marketed cattle, while in the individual subsystems of basic breeding herd, breeding heifers, breeding bulls and fattening bulls, the CF (after GHG allocation) was: 11.0 kg CO2 eq., 34.30 kg CO2 eq., 27.32 and 25.40 kg CO2 eq., respectively. GHG emissions associated with young calves staying in the cow-calf pairs until weaning (in the period from 0-6.5 months), had a decisive influence on the final CF in each of the subsystems of beef cattle production. The second important factor directly affecting the CF was GHG emissions related to methane (CH4) enteric fermentation and manure management. Knowledge of factors affecting the CF structure allows better identification of critical areas in production processes with high GHG emission potential. Information on the CF of beef cattle and beef meat responds to a wider societal demand for the ecological characteristics of market products, which ultimately contributes to improving their market competitiveness.
Cytowanie	Bieńkowski J., Dąbrowicz R., Holka M., Jankowiak J. (2018) Carbon Footprint of Beef Cattle in a Conventional Production System: a Case Study of a Large-Area Farming Enterprise in the Wielkopolska Region.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 3: 23-35
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n3_s23.pdf

Autor	Agnieszka Komor
Tytuł	Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie produkcji biomasy rolniczej pochodzenia roślinnego w państwach UE w kontekście rozwoju biogospodarki
Title	Spatial Diversification of Agricultural Biomass Production of Plant Origin in EU Countries in the Context of Bioeconomy Development
Słowa kluczowe	biomasa, biogospodarka, państwa Unii Europejskiej, zróżnicowanie przestrzenne
Key words	biomass, bioeconomy, Eropean Union countries, spatial diversity
Abstrakt	Celem artykułu była identyfikacja i ocena przestrzennego zróżnicowania produkcji biomasy rolniczej pochodzenia roślinnego w państwach UE, jako podstawowego surowca wykorzystywanego do wytwarzania bioproduktów oraz bioenergii. W opracowaniu wykorzystano dane statystyczne pozyskane z EUROSTATU. Okres badawczy obejmował 2015 rok. Do interpretacji badań zastosowano statystykę opisową i parametryczną, wykorzystano wskaźniki struktury, gęstości i natężenia, a także wskaźnik korelacji Pearsona. W toku badań stwierdzono, że w 2015 roku 51,5% wytwarzanej w UE biomasy roślinnej w rolnictwie to produkty uboczne - pochodzące z resztek roślin uprawnych, z roślin pastewnych i biomasy wypasanej. Produkcja biomasy roślinnej cechowała się znacznym zróżnicowaniem przestrzennym zarówno w odniesieniu do biomasy pochodzącej z roślin uprawnych (liderami w tym zakresie były kraje: Francja, Niemcy, Hiszpania, Włochy i Polska), jak i do pozostałej biomasy (największy udział miały: Niemcy, Francja, Polska, Wielka Brytania i Włochy). W 2015 roku na terenie siedmiu krajów (tj. Niemiec, Francji, Polski, Wielkiej Brytanii, Hiszpanii, Włoch i Rumunii) wyprodukowano łącznie blisko ¾ roślinnej biomasy wytwarzanej w UE. Analizom poddano również zależności pomiędzy wielkością produkcji biomasy, potencjałem ludnościowym kraju (mierzonym udziałem w liczbie ludności UE) i potencjałem produkcyjnym rolnictwa (mierzonym udziałem w powierzchni użytków rolnych w UE), co pozwoliło na wyznaczenie czterech grup państw.
Abstract	The aim of the article was to identify and assess the spatial diversity of agricultural biomass production of plant origin in EU countries as the basic raw material used to create bioproducts and bioenergy. The study uses statistical data obtained from EUROSTAT. The research period covered 2015. Descriptive and parametric statistics were used to interpret the study, and also the indicators of structure, density and intensity were used, as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient. The study found that in 2015 about 51,5% of plant biomass in agriculture produced in the EU were by-products - derived from crop residues, fodder crops and grazed biomass. The production of plant biomass was characterized by considerable spatial differentiation both in relation to biomass derived from arable crops (the leaders in this respect were: France, Germany, Spain, Italy and Poland) as well as to other biomass (Germany, France, Poland, Great Britain and Italy had the largest share). In 2015, nearly ¾ of the plant biomass produced in the EU was produced in seven countries (i.e. Germany, France, Poland, Great Britain, Spain, Italy and Romania). The analysis also included the dependences among the size of biomass production, the population potential of the country (measured by the share in the EU population) and the production potential of agriculture (measured in the share of agricultural land in the EU). This allowed the designation of four groups of countries.
Cytowanie	Komor A. (2018) Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie produkcji biomasy rolniczej pochodzenia roślinnego w państwach UE w kontekście rozwoju biogospodarki.Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW w Warszawie - Problemy Rolnictwa Światowego, t. 18(33), z. 1: 100-110
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Pełny tekst	PRS_2018_T18(33)_n1_s100.pdf